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Welcome

Welcome to org.nvim! This is a working copy of the tutor, a normal org file: every key of org.nvim works here, and you learn by doing.

• A real org file: do each exercise and a ✓ appears on its headline.

1.1 Fold and unfold

Put the cursor on the Kitchen headline below and press <Tab> a few times: it cycles the subtree between folded, its children and everything. <S-Tab> does the same for the whole file (press it until everything shows again).

The ✓ shows once Kitchen has been folded (a moment after).

Keys <Tab> <Tab> <Tab> <S-Tab> <S-Tab> <S-Tab>

• <Tab> on a headline cycles it: folded, its children, everything.
• <S-Tab> does the same for the whole file.

* Lesson 1: the outline
An org file is an outline: a line that starts with stars is a headline,
and the number of stars is its level. Everything under a headline, up to
the next one of the same or a higher level, is its subtree.

** 1.1 Fold and unfold  ✓
Put the cursor on the =Kitchen= headline below and press =<Tab>=
a few times: it cycles the subtree between folded, its children and
everything. =<S-Tab>= does the same for the whole file (press
it until everything shows again).

The ✓ shows once =Kitchen= has been folded (a moment after).

*** Kitchen
**** Pots
Two big ones and a small one.
**** Pans
A frying pan.

** 1.2 Insert a headline  ✗
Put the cursor on =Apples= and press =<M-CR>=: a new headline
 basics.org                                                                25:1
SHOW ALL

1.2 Insert a headline

Put the cursor on Apples and press <M-CR>: a new headline of the same level opens, in Insert mode (above when the cursor is at the start of the line, else below). Type Pears and press <Esc>. <leader>oih does the same.

Keys <M-CR> Pears <Esc>

• <M-CR> opens a new headline below, in Insert mode.

** 1.2 Insert a headline  ✓
Put the cursor on =Apples= and press =<M-CR>=: a new headline
of the same level opens, in Insert mode (above when the cursor is at the
start of the line, else below). Type =Pears= and press =<Esc>=.
=<leader>oih= does the same.

*** Fruit
**** Apples
**** Pears
**** Bananas

** 1.3 Promote and demote  ✗
=>>= moves a headline one level down and
=<<= one level up (=>s= and
=<s= take its subtree along).

Make =Carrot= a child of =Vegetables= (demote it), and =Spoon= a child of
=Drawer= (promote it).

*** Vegetables
*** Carrot
 basics.org                                                               52:10
SHOW ALL

1.3 Promote and demote

>> moves a headline one level down and << one level up (>s and <s take its subtree along).

Make Carrot a child of Vegetables (demote it), and Spoon a child of Drawer (promote it).

Keys >> <<

• >> demotes a headline one level.
• << promotes it one level up.

** 1.3 Promote and demote  ✓
=>>= moves a headline one level down and
=<<= one level up (=>s= and
=<s= take its subtree along).

Make =Carrot= a child of =Vegetables= (demote it), and =Spoon= a child of
=Drawer= (promote it).

*** Vegetables
**** Carrot
*** Drawer
**** Spoon

** 1.4 Move a subtree  ✗
=<M-k>= and =<M-j>= move the subtree at the cursor
past its siblings. Put the days below in order: Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday.

*** Tuesday
*** Monday
*** Wednesday
 basics.org                                                                66:6
SHOW ALL

1.4 Move a subtree

<M-k> and <M-j> move the subtree at the cursor past its siblings. Put the days below in order: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday.

Keys <M-j>

• <M-j> moves the subtree down, past its next sibling.

** 1.4 Move a subtree  ✓
=<M-k>= and =<M-j>= move the subtree at the cursor
past its siblings. Put the days below in order: Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday.

*** Monday
*** Tuesday
*** Wednesday

* Lesson 2: TODO items and priorities
A headline becomes a task when it starts with a TODO keyword. This file
uses =TODO= and =DONE= (the =#+TODO:= line at the top).

** 2.1 Finish a task  ✗
Put the cursor on =Buy milk= and press =cit=: TODO becomes
DONE. =<S-Right>= and =<S-Left>= cycle the keyword
too.

*** TODO Buy milk

** 2.2 Start a task  ✗
 basics.org                                                                74:5
SHOW ALL

2.1 Finish a task

Put the cursor on Buy milk and press cit: TODO becomes DONE. <S-Right> and <S-Left> cycle the keyword too.

Keys cit

• cit cycles the keyword: TODO becomes DONE.

** 2.1 Finish a task  ✓
Put the cursor on =Buy milk= and press =cit=: TODO becomes
DONE. =<S-Right>= and =<S-Left>= cycle the keyword
too.

*** DONE Buy milk

** 2.2 Start a task  ✗
Turn =Write a letter= into a TODO item with =cit=.

*** Write a letter

** 2.3 Set a priority  ✗
Put the cursor on =Pay rent=, press =<leader>o,= and then =A=.
=<S-Up>= and =<S-Down>= raise and lower a priority.

*** TODO Pay rent

* Lesson 3: tags
Tags go at the end of a headline, between colons: =:work:home:=.

 basics.org                                                               86:10
SHOW ALL

2.2 Start a task

Turn Write a letter into a TODO item with cit.

Keys cit

• The same key makes a plain headline a TODO item.

** 2.2 Start a task  ✓
Turn =Write a letter= into a TODO item with =cit=.

*** TODO Write a letter

** 2.3 Set a priority  ✗
Put the cursor on =Pay rent=, press =<leader>o,= and then =A=.
=<S-Up>= and =<S-Down>= raise and lower a priority.

*** TODO Pay rent

* Lesson 3: tags
Tags go at the end of a headline, between colons: =:work:home:=.

** 3.1 Tag a headline  ✗
Put the cursor on =Prepare slides=, press =<leader>ot=, type =work=
and press =<CR>=.

*** TODO Prepare slides

* Lesson 4: dates
 basics.org                                                                91:5
SHOW ALL

2.3 Set a priority

Put the cursor on Pay rent, press <leader>o, and then A. <S-Up> and <S-Down> raise and lower a priority.

Keys <leader>o, A

• <leader>o, asks for a priority: A is the highest.

** 2.3 Set a priority  ✓
Put the cursor on =Pay rent=, press =<leader>o,= and then =A=.
=<S-Up>= and =<S-Down>= raise and lower a priority.

*** TODO [#A] Pay rent

* Lesson 3: tags
Tags go at the end of a headline, between colons: =:work:home:=.

** 3.1 Tag a headline  ✗
Put the cursor on =Prepare slides=, press =<leader>ot=, type =work=
and press =<CR>=.

*** TODO Prepare slides

* Lesson 4: dates
A headline can be scheduled (the day you plan to work on it) or have a
deadline. The date prompt takes a date like =2026-10-12=, =+3= (in three
days), =fri= or nothing (today); =<CR>= accepts it.

** 4.1 Schedule a task  ✗
 basics.org                                                               97:10

3.1 Tag a headline

Put the cursor on Prepare slides, press <leader>ot, type work and press <CR>.

Keys <leader>ot work <CR>

• <leader>ot asks for tags: type one and press <CR>.

** 3.1 Tag a headline  ✓
Put the cursor on =Prepare slides=, press =<leader>ot=, type =work=
and press =<CR>=.

*** TODO Prepare slides                                                :work:

* Lesson 4: dates
A headline can be scheduled (the day you plan to work on it) or have a
deadline. The date prompt takes a date like =2026-10-12=, =+3= (in three
days), =fri= or nothing (today); =<CR>= accepts it.

** 4.1 Schedule a task  ✗
Put the cursor on =Water the plants=, press =<leader>os= and accept
a date.

*** TODO Water the plants

** 4.2 Set a deadline  ✗
Put the cursor on =File the tax return=, press =<leader>od= and
accept a date. On a date, =<S-Right>= and =<S-Left>=
move it a day, and =<S-Up>= / =<S-Down>= change the
 basics.org                                                              106:10
Tags: work

4.1 Schedule a task

Put the cursor on Water the plants, press <leader>os and accept a date.

Keys <leader>os <CR>

• <leader>os opens the date prompt; <CR> takes today.

** 4.1 Schedule a task  ✓
Put the cursor on =Water the plants=, press =<leader>os= and accept
a date.

*** TODO Water the plants
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-12 Mon>

** 4.2 Set a deadline  ✗
Put the cursor on =File the tax return=, press =<leader>od= and
accept a date. On a date, =<S-Right>= and =<S-Left>=
move it a day, and =<S-Up>= / =<S-Down>= change the
part under the cursor.

*** TODO File the tax return

* Lesson 5: lists and checkboxes
Lines starting with =-=, =+= or =1.= are list items. =[ ]= makes an item
a checkbox.

** 5.1 Add a list item  ✗
Put the cursor on =Bread= and press =<M-CR>=: a new item
 basics.org                                                              117:10
Tags: work

4.2 Set a deadline

Put the cursor on File the tax return, press <leader>od and accept a date. On a date, <S-Right> and <S-Left> move it a day, and <S-Up> / <S-Down> change the part under the cursor.

Keys <leader>od <CR>

• <leader>od adds a DEADLINE the same way.

** 4.2 Set a deadline  ✓
Put the cursor on =File the tax return=, press =<leader>od= and
accept a date. On a date, =<S-Right>= and =<S-Left>=
move it a day, and =<S-Up>= / =<S-Down>= change the
part under the cursor.

*** TODO File the tax return
DEADLINE: <2026-10-12 Mon>

* Lesson 5: lists and checkboxes
Lines starting with =-=, =+= or =1.= are list items. =[ ]= makes an item
a checkbox.

** 5.1 Add a list item  ✗
Put the cursor on =Bread= and press =<M-CR>=: a new item
opens below. Type =Butter= and press =<Esc>=.

- Milk
- Bread

** 5.2 Check a checkbox  ✗
 basics.org                                                              126:10
Tags: work

5.1 Add a list item

Put the cursor on Bread and press <M-CR>: a new item opens below. Type Butter and press <Esc>.

Keys <M-CR> Butter <Esc>

• In a list, <M-CR> adds an item below.

** 5.1 Add a list item  ✓
Put the cursor on =Bread= and press =<M-CR>=: a new item
opens below. Type =Butter= and press =<Esc>=.

- Milk
- Bread
- Butter

** 5.2 Check a checkbox  ✗
Put the cursor on =Eggs= and press =<C-c><C-c>= (or
=<C-Space>=). The =[0/2]= cookie counts the checked items.

- Shopping [0/2]
  - [ ] Eggs
  - [ ] Flour

* Lesson 6: tables
A table is lines that start with =|=. You don't have to line the columns
up yourself.

** 6.1 Align a table  ✗
 basics.org                                                               139:8
Tags: work

5.2 Check a checkbox

Put the cursor on Eggs and press <C-c><C-c> (or <C-Space>). The [0/2] cookie counts the checked items.

Keys <C-c><C-c>

• <C-c><C-c> ticks the checkbox; the cookie counts the ticks.

** 5.2 Check a checkbox  ✓
Put the cursor on =Eggs= and press =<C-c><C-c>= (or
=<C-Space>=). The =[0/2]= cookie counts the checked items.

- Shopping [1/2]
  - [X] Eggs
  - [ ] Flour

* Lesson 6: tables
A table is lines that start with =|=. You don't have to line the columns
up yourself.

** 6.1 Align a table  ✗
Put the cursor anywhere in the table and press =<C-c><C-c>=.

| Fruit | Count |
|-
| Apple | 3 |
| Orange | 12 |

** 6.2 Add a row  ✗
 basics.org                                                               146:9
Tags: work

6.1 Align a table

Put the cursor anywhere in the table and press <C-c><C-c>.

Keys <C-c><C-c>

• <C-c><C-c> in a table lines its columns up.

** 6.1 Align a table  ✓
Put the cursor anywhere in the table and press =<C-c><C-c>=.

| Fruit  | Count |
|--------+-------|
| Apple  |     3 |
| Orange |    12 |

** 6.2 Add a row  ✗
Put the cursor on the =Lemon= row, press =A= for Insert mode at its end
and then =<Tab>=: past the last field a new row
opens. Type =Kiwi=, press =<Tab>=, type =5=, and
leave Insert mode with =<Esc>=. =<Tab>= aligns the
table as it goes.

| Fruit | Count |
|-------+-------|
| Pear  |     7 |
| Lemon |     2 |

* Lesson 7: links
 basics.org                                                               158:3
Tags: work

6.2 Add a row

Put the cursor on the Lemon row, press A for Insert mode at its end and then <Tab>: past the last field a new row opens. Type Kiwi, press <Tab>, type 5, and leave Insert mode with <Esc>. <Tab> aligns the table as it goes.

Keys A <Tab> Kiwi <Tab> 5 <Esc>

• In Insert mode, <Tab> past the last field opens a new row.

** 6.2 Add a row  ✓
Put the cursor on the =Lemon= row, press =A= for Insert mode at its end
and then =<Tab>=: past the last field a new row
opens. Type =Kiwi=, press =<Tab>=, type =5=, and
leave Insert mode with =<Esc>=. =<Tab>= aligns the
table as it goes.

| Fruit | Count |
|-------+-------|
| Pear  |     7 |
| Lemon |     2 |
| Kiwi  |     5 |

* Lesson 7: links
A link is written =[[target][description]]=; only the description shows.

** 7.1 Insert a link  ✗
Put the cursor at the end of the =Map= line below, press
=<leader>oli=, type =*Treasure chest= as the link and =the
treasure= as the description.

 basics.org                                                              172:15
Tags: work

7.1 Insert a link

Put the cursor at the end of the Map line below, press <leader>oli, type *Treasure chest as the link and the treasure as the description.

Map:

Keys $ <leader>oli *Treasure chest <CR> the treasure <CR> <Esc>

• <leader>oli asks for the link, then for its description.

** 7.1 Insert a link  ✓
Put the cursor at the end of the =Map= line below, press
=<leader>oli=, type =*Treasure chest= as the link and =the
treasure= as the description.

Map:the treasure

*** Treasure chest
You found it.

** 7.2 Follow a link  ✗
Put the cursor on the link you made and press =<CR>=: the
cursor jumps to =Treasure chest=. =<leader>ols= stores a link to
where you are, for =<leader>oli= to offer later.

* What next
Well done! Continue with the second lesson, capture, the agenda and
clocking:

  =:Org tutor workflow=

 basics.org                                                              182:35
Description: the treasure

7.2 Follow a link

Put the cursor on the link you made and press <CR>: the cursor jumps to Treasure chest. <leader>ols stores a link to where you are, for <leader>oli to offer later.

Keys <CR>

• <CR> on a link follows it: here, to a headline.

Map:the treasure

*** Treasure chest
You found it.

** 7.2 Follow a link  ✓
Put the cursor on the link you made and press =<CR>=: the
cursor jumps to =Treasure chest=. =<leader>ols= stores a link to
where you are, for =<leader>oli= to offer later.

* What next
Well done! Continue with the second lesson, capture, the agenda and
clocking:

  =:Org tutor workflow=

- =g?= lists every key; =:h org= is the manual.
- examples/00-index.org links to one file per feature, each with many
  examples and exercises.

✓ Next lesson: 2. Capture, agenda and clocking (:Org tutor workflow)
 basics.org                                                               184:1
Tutor "basics" done! Next lesson: 2. Capture, agenda and clocking (:Org tutor wo
rkflow)

Welcome

This second lesson shows how org.nvim fits into a day: catching ideas with capture, seeing what is due in the agenda, and timing your work. It assumes you know the keys of the first lesson (:Org tutor basics).

• Capture, the agenda and the clock, all tried out in this one file.

1.1 Capture a task

Put the cursor on the Inbox headline below and run :Org capture_here. Pick a template (t when you have none of your own), type a title such as Call Bob, then press <C-c><C-c> to file it (<C-c><C-k> cancels).

Keys :Org capture_here<CR> t Call Bob <Esc> <C-c><C-c>

• :Org capture_here files a capture at the cursor; t picks a template.
• <C-c><C-c> files the entry under Inbox.

** 1.1 Capture a task  ✓
Put the cursor on the =Inbox= headline below and run =:Org
capture_here=. Pick a template (=t= when you have none of your own),
type a title such as =Call Bob=, then press =<C-c><C-c>= to
file it (=<C-c><C-k>= cancels).

*** Inbox

*** TODO Call Bob
  [2026-10-12 Mon]
  Inbox
* Lesson 2: the agenda
The agenda collects the TODO items and dates of your agenda files
(=agenda_files=). =<leader>oa= opens its menu. Press =<= in the
menu to restrict it to the current file, then the key of a view: =a= for
the week, =t= for every TODO item.

** 2.1 Mark a task done from the agenda  ✗
In this file, press =<leader>oa=, then =<= and =t=. The agenda
lists the TODO items of this file. Move to =Call the dentist= and press
=t=: it becomes DONE, here as well. =q=
 workflow.org                                                              31:5
Captured to ~/.local/share/nvim/org/tutor/workflow.org

2.1 Mark a task done from the agenda

In this file, press <leader>oa, then < and t. The agenda lists the TODO items of this file. Move to Call the dentist and press t: it becomes DONE, here as well. q closes the agenda.

Keys <leader>oa < t t q

• <leader>oa opens the agenda menu; < limits it to this file.
• t marks the task DONE, in its file as well.

** 2.1 Mark a task done from the agenda  ✓
In this file, press =<leader>oa=, then =<= and =t=. The agenda
lists the TODO items of this file. Move to =Call the dentist= and press
=t=: it becomes DONE, here as well. =q=
closes the agenda.

*** DONE Call the dentist
*** TODO Book a table for Friday

** 2.2 See a scheduled task in the week  ✗
Schedule =Water the plants= for today with =<leader>os= (press
=<CR>= at the date prompt). Then open the week agenda for this file:
=<leader>oa=, =<=, =a=. In the agenda, =f= and
=b= go a week forward and back, =<Tab>= jumps
to the entry.

*** TODO Water the plants

* Lesson 3: clocking
The clock records the time you spend on a task in a =CLOCK:= line under
it. Only one task is clocked at a time: clocking in here clocks out any
 workflow.org                                                              42:1
Lesson 2: the agenda/2.1 Mark a task done from the agenda/Call the dentist

2.2 See a scheduled task in the week

Schedule Water the plants for today with <leader>os (press <CR> at the date prompt). Then open the week agenda for this file: <leader>oa, <, a. In the agenda, f and b go a week forward and back, <Tab> jumps to the entry.

Keys <leader>os <CR> <leader>oa < a q

• Schedule it for today, then find it in the week agenda: a.

** 2.2 See a scheduled task in the week  ✓
Schedule =Water the plants= for today with =<leader>os= (press
=<CR>= at the date prompt). Then open the week agenda for this file:
=<leader>oa=, =<=, =a=. In the agenda, =f= and
=b= go a week forward and back, =<Tab>= jumps
to the entry.

*** TODO Water the plants
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-12 Mon>

* Lesson 3: clocking
The clock records the time you spend on a task in a =CLOCK:= line under
it. Only one task is clocked at a time: clocking in here clocks out any
other task you clocked in.

** 3.1 Clock in and out  ✗
Put the cursor on =Write the report= and press =<leader>oxi=. Wait a
moment, then press =<leader>oxo= (it works from any buffer, and
=<leader>oxj= jumps back to the clocked task). A =:LOGBOOK:=
drawer with a =CLOCK:= line appears under the headline.

 workflow.org                                                             58:10

3.1 Clock in and out

Put the cursor on Write the report and press <leader>oxi. Wait a moment, then press <leader>oxo (it works from any buffer, and <leader>oxj jumps back to the clocked task). A :LOGBOOK: drawer with a CLOCK: line appears under the headline.

Keys <leader>oxi <leader>oxo <Tab>

• <leader>oxi starts the clock on a task, <leader>oxo stops it.
• The time goes in a CLOCK line, in the LOGBOOK drawer.

** 3.1 Clock in and out  ✓
Put the cursor on =Write the report= and press =<leader>oxi=. Wait a
moment, then press =<leader>oxo= (it works from any buffer, and
=<leader>oxj= jumps back to the clocked task). A =:LOGBOOK:=
drawer with a =CLOCK:= line appears under the headline.

*** TODO Write the report
:LOGBOOK:
CLOCK: [2026-10-12 Mon 09:00]--[2026-10-12 Mon 09:25] =>  0:25
:END:

** 3.2 Report the time  ✗
Put the cursor on the =Time spent= headline and press
=<leader>oxr=: a clock table appears below it. It sums the time
clocked under this headline (=:scope subtree=), so it shows nothing yet.
On its =#+BEGIN:= line change =subtree= to =file= and press
=<C-c><C-c>= there: the table now sums every clock of this
file, 3.1's task included.

*** Time spent

 workflow.org                                                              73:1
Clock stopped at [2026-10-12 Mon 09:25] after 0:25

3.2 Report the time

Put the cursor on the Time spent headline and press <leader>oxr: a clock table appears below it. It sums the time clocked under this headline (:scope subtree), so it shows nothing yet. On its #+BEGIN: line change subtree to file and press <C-c><C-c> there: the table now sums every clock of this file, 3.1's task included.

Keys <leader>oxr zv ciw file <Esc> <C-c><C-c>

• <leader>oxr inserts a clock table of this subtree.
• Make its scope the file, then <C-c><C-c> updates it.

** 3.2 Report the time  ✓
Put the cursor on the =Time spent= headline and press
=<leader>oxr=: a clock table appears below it. It sums the time
clocked under this headline (=:scope subtree=), so it shows nothing yet.
On its =#+BEGIN:= line change =subtree= to =file= and press
=<C-c><C-c>= there: the table now sums every clock of this
file, 3.1's task included.

*** Time spent
#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope file :maxlevel 2
#+CAPTION: Clock summary at [2026-10-12 Mon 09:25]
| Headline                 | Time   |      |
|--------------------------+--------+------|
| *Total time*             | *0:25* |      |
|--------------------------+--------+------|
| Lesson 3: clocking       | 0:25   |      |
| \_  3.1 Clock in and out |        | 0:25 |
#+END:

* What next
That's the tour. From here:
 workflow.org                                                             86:31
Tutor "workflow" done! Next lesson: 3. Writing in org (:Org tutor writing)

Welcome

An org file is mostly text. This lesson shows how to write it: bold and italic words, paragraphs, keywords, blocks of quotes and code, and footnotes. It assumes the keys of the first lesson (:Org tutor basics).

• Markup, paragraphs, blocks and footnotes, tried out in this file.

1.1 Make a word bold

Select the word important with viw and press <leader>oE, then *: the markers go around the selection. Any marker of the six works the same way.

This step is important for the rest.

Keys viw <leader>oE *

• <leader>oE asks for a marker and puts it around the selection.

** 1.1 Make a word bold  ✓
Select the word =important= with =viw= and press =<leader>oE=,
then =*=: the markers go around the selection. Any marker of the six
works the same way.

This step is *important* for the rest.

** 1.2 Type in italics  ✗
With nothing selected, =<leader>oE= puts a pair of markers at the
cursor and leaves you typing between them. On the empty line below
=Notes:=, press =<leader>oE= and =/=, type =in italics= and press
=<Esc>=.

Notes:


* Lesson 2: paragraphs
A blank line separates paragraphs. Inside one, line breaks don't matter
when you export: the lines are joined.

** 2.1 Fill a paragraph  ✗
 writing.org                                                              28:25

1.2 Type in italics

With nothing selected, <leader>oE puts a pair of markers at the cursor and leaves you typing between them. On the empty line below Notes:, press <leader>oE and /, type in italics and press <Esc>.

Notes:

Keys j <leader>oE / in italics <Esc>

• With nothing selected, it opens a pair of markers to type in.

** 1.2 Type in italics  ✓
With nothing selected, =<leader>oE= puts a pair of markers at the
cursor and leaves you typing between them. On the empty line below
=Notes:=, press =<leader>oE= and =/=, type =in italics= and press
=<Esc>=.

Notes:
/in italics/

* Lesson 2: paragraphs
A blank line separates paragraphs. Inside one, line breaks don't matter
when you export: the lines are joined.

** 2.1 Fill a paragraph  ✗
The paragraph below is one long line. Put the cursor on it and press
=gqip=: it is filled, broken into lines no wider than ='textwidth'= (79
when it is 0). In a list item or a comment, the filling keeps the
indentation or the =#=.

Org files are plain text, so you can read them anywhere, edit them in any editor

 writing.org                                                              37:11

2.1 Fill a paragraph

The paragraph below is one long line. Put the cursor on it and press gqip: it is filled, broken into lines no wider than 'textwidth' (79 when it is 0). In a list item or a comment, the filling keeps the indentation or the #.

Org files are plain text, so you can read them anywhere, edit them in any editor, keep them in version control and still find your notes in twenty years.

Keys gqip

• gqip fills the paragraph: org.nvim keeps lists and comments intact.

** 2.1 Fill a paragraph  ✓
The paragraph below is one long line. Put the cursor on it and press
=gqip=: it is filled, broken into lines no wider than ='textwidth'= (79
when it is 0). In a list item or a comment, the filling keeps the
indentation or the =#=.

Org files are plain text, so you can read them anywhere, edit them in any
editor, keep them in version control and still find your notes in twenty years.

** 2.2 Draw a horizontal rule  ✗
A line of five dashes or more is a horizontal rule. Put the cursor on
=First part=, press =o=, type =-----= and press =<Esc>=.

First part.

Second part.

** 2.3 Comment out a line  ✗
A line that starts with =#= and a space is a comment: it stays in the
file but is never exported. Put the cursor on =Draft:= and press =gcc=
(Vim's comment key) to comment it out; =gcc= again brings it back.
 writing.org                                                               50:1

2.2 Draw a horizontal rule

A line of five dashes or more is a horizontal rule. Put the cursor on First part, press o, type ----- and press <Esc>.

First part.

Second part.

Keys o ----- <Esc>

• Five dashes on a line of their own make a horizontal rule.

** 2.2 Draw a horizontal rule  ✓
A line of five dashes or more is a horizontal rule. Put the cursor on
=First part=, press =o=, type =-----= and press =<Esc>=.

First part.
-----

Second part.

** 2.3 Comment out a line  ✗
A line that starts with =#= and a space is a comment: it stays in the
file but is never exported. Put the cursor on =Draft:= and press =gcc=
(Vim's comment key) to comment it out; =gcc= again brings it back.

Draft: remember to check the numbers.

* Lesson 3: keywords and blocks
A line like =#+TITLE: ...= is a keyword: a setting for the file or for
the element below it. A block is text between =#+begin_...= and
=#+end_...= lines: a quote, an example, source code.

 writing.org                                                               57:5

2.3 Comment out a line

A line that starts with # and a space is a comment: it stays in the file but is never exported. Put the cursor on Draft: and press gcc (Vim's comment key) to comment it out; gcc again brings it back.

Draft: remember to check the numbers.

Keys gcc

• gcc comments the line out with a #: it won't be exported.

** 2.3 Comment out a line  ✓
A line that starts with =#= and a space is a comment: it stays in the
file but is never exported. Put the cursor on =Draft:= and press =gcc=
(Vim's comment key) to comment it out; =gcc= again brings it back.

# Draft: remember to check the numbers.

* Lesson 3: keywords and blocks
A line like =#+TITLE: ...= is a keyword: a setting for the file or for
the element below it. A block is text between =#+begin_...= and
=#+end_...= lines: a quote, an example, source code.

** 3.1 Add a keyword  ✗
This file starts with =#+TITLE:=. Press =gg= to go there, press =o= and
type =#+AUTHOR: Ada= (or your name), then =<Esc>=. Exports put the
author under the title.

** 3.2 Quote a paragraph  ✗
Select the two lines of the poem with =Vj= and press
=<leader>oib=: a menu of block types opens. Press
=q= and the lines are wrapped in a quote block. =e= makes an example
 writing.org                                                               66:1

3.1 Add a keyword

This file starts with #+TITLE:. Press gg to go there, press o and type #+AUTHOR: Ada (or your name), then <Esc>. Exports put the author under the title.

Keys gg o #+AUTHOR: Ada <Esc>

• Keywords at the top of a file set its title, author and options.

#+TITLE: org.nvim tutor 3: writing in org  ✓ 6/11
#+AUTHOR: Ada
#+STARTUP: showall nologdone fnlocal
#+TODO: TODO | DONE

An org file is mostly text. This lesson shows how to write it: bold and
italic words, paragraphs, keywords, blocks of quotes and code, and
footnotes. It assumes the keys of the first lesson (=:Org tutor basics=).

- As before, a ✓ at the end of an exercise's headline means it is
  done, and ✗ that it is not yet. Keys are shown as mapped in your
  config; =<leader>= is =<Space>=.
- This is a working copy: =:w= saves your progress and =:Org tutor
  writing reset= starts over.
- Stuck? =:Org tutor_hint= shows the keys that solve the exercise at
  the cursor, and =:Org tutor= lists every lesson.

* Lesson 1: emphasis
Put a marker on each side of a word to style it: *bold*, /italic/,
_underline_, +strike-through+, =verbatim= and ~code~. The markers stay
in the text, which is plain to read anywhere. Set
 writing.org                                                               2:13

3.2 Quote a paragraph

Select the two lines of the poem with Vj and press <leader>oib: a menu of block types opens. Press q and the lines are wrapped in a quote block. e makes an example block, s a source block, v a verse.

Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul

Keys Vj <leader>oib q

• <leader>oib wraps the selection in a block; q is a quote.

** 3.2 Quote a paragraph  ✓
Select the two lines of the poem with =Vj= and press
=<leader>oib=: a menu of block types opens. Press
=q= and the lines are wrapped in a quote block. =e= makes an example
block, =s= a source block, =v= a verse.

#+begin_quote
Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul
#+end_quote

** 3.3 Insert a source block  ✗
On the empty line below =Code:=, press =<leader>oib=
and =s=. The cursor waits after =#+begin_src= for the language: type
=python=, press =<CR>= and type =print("hello")=, then =<Esc>=.

Code:


** 3.4 Edit code in its own window  ✗
Put the cursor on =hello= in the block below and press
 writing.org                                                              85:13

3.3 Insert a source block

On the empty line below Code:, press <leader>oib and s. The cursor waits after #+begin_src for the language: type python, press <CR> and type print("hello"), then <Esc>.

Code:

Keys j <leader>oib s python <CR> print("hello") <Esc>

• On an empty line, s inserts a source block; the language goes first.

** 3.3 Insert a source block  ✓
On the empty line below =Code:=, press =<leader>oib=
and =s=. The cursor waits after =#+begin_src= for the language: type
=python=, press =<CR>= and type =print("hello")=, then =<Esc>=.

Code:
#+begin_src python
  print("hello")
#+end_src

** 3.4 Edit code in its own window  ✗
Put the cursor on =hello= in the block below and press
=<leader>o'=: the code opens in a window of its own, set up
for its language (indenting, highlighting, completion). Change =hello=
to =world= (=ciw=), then press =<C-c>'= to put it back
in the block.

#+begin_src python
print("hello")
#+end_src

 writing.org                                                              97:16

3.4 Edit code in its own window

Put the cursor on hello in the block below and press <leader>o': the code opens in a window of its own, set up for its language (indenting, highlighting, completion). Change hello to world (ciw), then press <C-c>' to put it back in the block.

#+begin_src python print("hello") #+end_src

Keys <leader>o' ciw world <Esc> <C-c>'

• <leader>o' opens the code in a window with the language's own setup.
• <C-c>' puts the code back in the block and closes the window.

** 3.4 Edit code in its own window  ✓
Put the cursor on =hello= in the block below and press
=<leader>o'=: the code opens in a window of its own, set up
for its language (indenting, highlighting, completion). Change =hello=
to =world= (=ciw=), then press =<C-c>'= to put it back
in the block.

#+begin_src python
  print("world")
#+end_src

* Lesson 4: footnotes
A footnote is a reference in the text, a label such as =fn:1= in square
brackets, and a definition: a paragraph that starts with the same
reference. This file has =#+STARTUP: fnlocal=, so a new definition goes
at the end of the section; by default it goes under a =Footnotes=
headline at the end of the file.

** 4.1 Add a footnote  ✗
Put the cursor at the end of the =Tea= line and press
=<leader>oif=. A reference goes in the text and the cursor
 writing.org                                                             108:14

4.1 Add a footnote

Put the cursor at the end of the Tea line and press <leader>oif. A reference goes in the text and the cursor jumps to its new definition, in Insert mode: type Green or black. and press <Esc>.

Tea is ready.

Keys $ <leader>oif Green or black. <Esc>

• <leader>oif adds a reference and jumps to its definition.

** 4.1 Add a footnote  ✓
Put the cursor at the end of the =Tea= line and press
=<leader>oif=. A reference goes in the text and the cursor
jumps to its new definition, in Insert mode: type =Green or black.= and
press =<Esc>=.

Tea is ready.[fn:1]

[fn:1] Green or black.

** 4.2 Jump to a definition and back  ✗
Put the cursor on =[fn:milk]= after =Coffee with milk.= and press
=<leader>oif=: the cursor jumps to the definition. It has no
text yet: press =A=, type a space and =Just a drop.=, then =<Esc>=. On
the definition's label (=0=), the same key jumps back to the reference.
=<CR>= follows a footnote too.

Coffee with milk.[fn:milk]

[fn:milk]

 writing.org                                                             126:22

4.2 Jump to a definition and back

Put the cursor on [fn:milk] after Coffee with milk. and press <leader>oif: the cursor jumps to the definition. It has no text yet: press A, type a space and Just a drop., then <Esc>. On the definition's label (0), the same key jumps back to the reference. <CR> follows a footnote too.

Coffee with milk.[fn:milk]

[fn:milk]

Keys <leader>oif A Just a drop. <Esc> 0 <leader>oif

• On a reference, <leader>oif jumps to the definition.
• On the definition's label, it jumps back to the reference.

** 4.2 Jump to a definition and back  ✓
Put the cursor on =[fn:milk]= after =Coffee with milk.= and press
=<leader>oif=: the cursor jumps to the definition. It has no
text yet: press =A=, type a space and =Just a drop.=, then =<Esc>=. On
the definition's label (=0=), the same key jumps back to the reference.
=<CR>= follows a footnote too.

Coffee with milk.[fn:milk]

[fn:milk] Just a drop.

* What next
You can write in org now. From here:

- =g?= lists every key; =:h org-footnotes=, =:h org-fill= and
  =:h org-babel-edit-special= tell more about this lesson's keys.
- =<leader>oe= exports this file to HTML, Markdown, LaTeX and more:
  that is where the markup, keywords and footnotes show their worth.
- examples/00-index.org links to one file per feature, each with many examples
  and exercises.

 writing.org                                                             129:20
Tutor "writing" done! Next lesson: 4. Dates in depth (:Org tutor dates)

Welcome

This lesson is about dates: typing them quickly at the date prompt, changing them with a key, tasks that repeat, deadlines that warn you early, and ranges. It assumes the first lesson (:Org tutor basics).

• Dates: the prompt, shifting, repeaters, deadlines and ranges.

1.1 Insert today's date

Put the cursor at the end of Dentist: below, press <leader>oi. and then <CR>: today's date goes in at the cursor.

Keys $ <leader>oi. <CR>

• <leader>oi. opens the calendar; <CR> picks the day shown.

** 1.1 Insert today's date  ✓
Put the cursor at the end of =Dentist:= below, press =<leader>oi.=
and then =<CR>=: today's date goes in at the cursor.

- Dentist: <2026-10-12 Mon>

** 1.2 Type a relative date  ✗
Put the cursor on =Call the plumber=, press =<leader>os=, then =i=,
type =+2d= and =<CR>=. Two days from today. =+1w= is a week, =+1m= a
month, =-1d= yesterday; =.= or =+0= is today.

*** TODO Call the plumber

** 1.3 A weekday and a time  ✗
At the end of =Lunch with Ana:= press =<leader>oi.=, =i=, type
=fri 12:30= and =<CR>=. A weekday name is the next such day; a time
alone (=12:30=) is today at that time.

- Lunch with Ana:

** 1.4 An inactive timestamp  ✗
 dates.org                                                                27:27

1.2 Type a relative date

Put the cursor on Call the plumber, press <leader>os, then i, type +2d and <CR>. Two days from today. +1w is a week, +1m a month, -1d yesterday; . or +0 is today.

Keys <leader>os i +2d <CR>

• At the prompt, i types a date: +2d is two days from today.

** 1.2 Type a relative date  ✓
Put the cursor on =Call the plumber=, press =<leader>os=, then =i=,
type =+2d= and =<CR>=. Two days from today. =+1w= is a week, =+1m= a
month, =-1d= yesterday; =.= or =+0= is today.

*** TODO Call the plumber
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-14 Wed>

** 1.3 A weekday and a time  ✗
At the end of =Lunch with Ana:= press =<leader>oi.=, =i=, type
=fri 12:30= and =<CR>=. A weekday name is the next such day; a time
alone (=12:30=) is today at that time.

- Lunch with Ana:

** 1.4 An inactive timestamp  ✗
At the end of =Bought the tickets:= press =<leader>oi!=
and =<CR>=. Square brackets make the date inactive: a record of when
something happened. The agenda shows only active =<...>= dates.

- Bought the tickets:
 dates.org                                                                34:10
Date: +2d

1.3 A weekday and a time

At the end of Lunch with Ana: press <leader>oi., i, type fri 12:30 and <CR>. A weekday name is the next such day; a time alone (12:30) is today at that time.

Keys $ <leader>oi. i fri 12:30 <CR>

• A weekday name is the next such day, with a time if you add one.

** 1.3 A weekday and a time  ✓
At the end of =Lunch with Ana:= press =<leader>oi.=, =i=, type
=fri 12:30= and =<CR>=. A weekday name is the next such day; a time
alone (=12:30=) is today at that time.

- Lunch with Ana: <2026-10-16 Fri 12:30>

** 1.4 An inactive timestamp  ✗
At the end of =Bought the tickets:= press =<leader>oi!=
and =<CR>=. Square brackets make the date inactive: a record of when
something happened. The agenda shows only active =<...>= dates.

- Bought the tickets:

* Lesson 2: changing a date
No need to retype a date to change it: put the cursor on it and use
Shift with the arrow keys.

** 2.1 One day later  ✗
Put the cursor on the date below and press =<S-Right>= twice:
the day moves forward, and the weekday follows. =<S-Left>=
 dates.org                                                                42:40
Date: fri 12:30

1.4 An inactive timestamp

At the end of Bought the tickets: press <leader>oi! and <CR>. Square brackets make the date inactive: a record of when something happened. The agenda shows only active <...> dates.

Keys $ <leader>oi! <CR>

• <leader>oi! writes the date in brackets: the agenda skips it.

** 1.4 An inactive timestamp  ✓
At the end of =Bought the tickets:= press =<leader>oi!=
and =<CR>=. Square brackets make the date inactive: a record of when
something happened. The agenda shows only active =<...>= dates.

- Bought the tickets: [2026-10-12 Mon]

* Lesson 2: changing a date
No need to retype a date to change it: put the cursor on it and use
Shift with the arrow keys.

** 2.1 One day later  ✗
Put the cursor on the date below and press =<S-Right>= twice:
the day moves forward, and the weekday follows. =<S-Left>=
goes back.

- Party: <2026-10-12 Mon>

** 2.2 Change one part  ✗
=<S-Up>= and =<S-Down>= change the part under the
cursor: the year, month, day, hour or minutes (by 5). Put the cursor
 dates.org                                                                49:38
Date: fri 12:30

2.1 One day later

Put the cursor on the date below and press <S-Right> twice: the day moves forward, and the weekday follows. <S-Left> goes back.

Keys <S-Right> <S-Right>

• <S-Right> moves the date a day later; the weekday follows.

** 2.1 One day later  ✓
Put the cursor on the date below and press =<S-Right>= twice:
the day moves forward, and the weekday follows. =<S-Left>=
goes back.

- Party: <2026-10-14 Wed>

** 2.2 Change one part  ✗
=<S-Up>= and =<S-Down>= change the part under the
cursor: the year, month, day, hour or minutes (by 5). Put the cursor
on the hour =10= below and press =<S-Up>=.

- Call: <2026-10-12 Mon 10:00>

* Lesson 3: repeating tasks
A repeater after the date makes a task come back: =+1w= every week,
=.+1d= one day after you last did it, =++1m= every month, always to a
date in the future. Marking such a task DONE moves its date on instead.

** 3.1 Add a repeater  ✗
Put the cursor on the =>= of the date under =Water the plants=, press
 dates.org                                                                60:19
Date: fri 12:30

2.2 Change one part

<S-Up> and <S-Down> change the part under the cursor: the year, month, day, hour or minutes (by 5). Put the cursor on the hour 10 below and press <S-Up>.

Keys <S-Up>

• <S-Up> changes the part under the cursor: here the hour.

** 2.2 Change one part  ✓
=<S-Up>= and =<S-Down>= change the part under the
cursor: the year, month, day, hour or minutes (by 5). Put the cursor
on the hour =10= below and press =<S-Up>=.

- Call: <2026-10-12 Mon 11:00>

* Lesson 3: repeating tasks
A repeater after the date makes a task come back: =+1w= every week,
=.+1d= one day after you last did it, =++1m= every month, always to a
date in the future. Marking such a task DONE moves its date on instead.

** 3.1 Add a repeater  ✗
Put the cursor on the =>= of the date under =Water the plants=, press
=i=, type a space and =+1w=, then =<Esc>=. The task now repeats every
week.

*** TODO Water the plants
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-12 Mon>

** 3.2 Mark a repeating task done  ✗
 dates.org                                                                67:25
Date: fri 12:30

3.1 Add a repeater

Put the cursor on the > of the date under Water the plants, press i, type a space and +1w, then <Esc>. The task now repeats every week.

Keys i +1w <Esc>

• A repeater after the date: +1w brings the task back every week.

** 3.1 Add a repeater  ✓
Put the cursor on the =>= of the date under =Water the plants=, press
=i=, type a space and =+1w=, then =<Esc>=. The task now repeats every
week.

*** TODO Water the plants
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-12 Mon +1w>

** 3.2 Mark a repeating task done  ✗
Put the cursor on =Take out the bins= and press =cit=. It
stays TODO, its date moves on a week, and a =LAST_REPEAT= property and
a note record when you did it.

*** TODO Take out the bins
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-12 Mon +1w>

** 3.3 Repeat from today  ✗
=.+= counts from the day you finish, not from the old date. Put the
cursor on =Stretch= and press =cit=: the date jumps from
early October to tomorrow.

 dates.org                                                                80:30
Date: fri 12:30

3.2 Mark a repeating task done

Put the cursor on Take out the bins and press cit. It stays TODO, its date moves on a week, and a LAST_REPEAT property and a note record when you did it.

Keys cit

• cit on a repeating task moves its date on a week.
• It stays TODO; LAST_REPEAT and a note say when you did it.

** 3.2 Mark a repeating task done  ✓
Put the cursor on =Take out the bins= and press =cit=. It
stays TODO, its date moves on a week, and a =LAST_REPEAT= property and
a note record when you did it.

*** TODO Take out the bins
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-19 Mon +1w>
:PROPERTIES:...

- State "DONE"       from "TODO"       [2026-10-12 Mon 09:00]
** 3.3 Repeat from today  ✗
=.+= counts from the day you finish, not from the old date. Put the
cursor on =Stretch= and press =cit=: the date jumps from
early October to tomorrow.

*** TODO Stretch
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-05 Mon .+1d>

* Lesson 4: deadlines and ranges
A deadline shows in the agenda as soon as it is 14 days away. A warning
period such as =-3d= after the date makes that 3 days for one deadline.
 dates.org                                                                87:10
Date: fri 12:30

3.3 Repeat from today

.+ counts from the day you finish, not from the old date. Put the cursor on Stretch and press cit: the date jumps from early October to tomorrow.

Keys cit

• With .+1d the next date counts from today: tomorrow.

** 3.3 Repeat from today  ✓
=.+= counts from the day you finish, not from the old date. Put the
cursor on =Stretch= and press =cit=: the date jumps from
early October to tomorrow.

*** TODO Stretch
SCHEDULED: <2026-10-13 Tue .+1d>
:PROPERTIES:...

- State "DONE"       from "TODO"       [2026-10-12 Mon 09:00]
* Lesson 4: deadlines and ranges
A deadline shows in the agenda as soon as it is 14 days away. A warning
period such as =-3d= after the date makes that 3 days for one deadline.

** 4.1 A warning period  ✗
Put the cursor on the =>= of the deadline below, press =i=, type a
space and =-3d=, then =<Esc>=.

*** TODO Send the invoice
DEADLINE: <2026-10-20 Tue>

 dates.org                                                                99:10
Date: fri 12:30

4.1 A warning period

Put the cursor on the > of the deadline below, press i, type a space and -3d, then <Esc>.

Keys i -3d <Esc>

• -3d after a deadline: the agenda warns 3 days before, not 14.

** 4.1 A warning period  ✓
Put the cursor on the =>= of the deadline below, press =i=, type a
space and =-3d=, then =<Esc>=.

*** TODO Send the invoice
DEADLINE: <2026-10-20 Tue -3d>

** 4.2 A date range  ✗
At the end of =Holiday:= press =<leader>oi.= and =<CR>=, then
=<leader>oi.= again: pressed right after a date, it adds the end
of a range. Press =l= twice and =<CR>=: =<a>--<b>= spans three days.

- Holiday:

** 4.3 A time range  ✗
At the end of =Meeting:= press =<leader>oi.=, =i=, type
=14:00-15:30= and =<CR>=: one day, from 14:00 to 15:30.

- Meeting:

** 4.4 See them in the agenda
 dates.org                                                               115:29
Date: fri 12:30

4.2 A date range

At the end of Holiday: press <leader>oi. and <CR>, then <leader>oi. again: pressed right after a date, it adds the end of a range. Press l twice and <CR>: <a>--<b> spans three days.

Keys $ <leader>oi. <CR> <leader>oi. l l <CR>

• <leader>oi. again right away adds the end of a range.

** 4.2 A date range  ✓
At the end of =Holiday:= press =<leader>oi.= and =<CR>=, then
=<leader>oi.= again: pressed right after a date, it adds the end
of a range. Press =l= twice and =<CR>=: =<a>--<b>= spans three days.

- Holiday: <2026-10-12 Mon>--<2026-10-14 Wed>

** 4.3 A time range  ✗
At the end of =Meeting:= press =<leader>oi.=, =i=, type
=14:00-15:30= and =<CR>=: one day, from 14:00 to 15:30.

- Meeting:

** 4.4 See them in the agenda
Press =<leader>oa=, then =<= and =a=: the week of this file, with
the scheduled tasks, the deadlines and your ranges. =f=
shows the next week; =q= closes it.

* What next
That's dates. From here:

 dates.org                                                               122:45
Date: fri 12:30

4.3 A time range

At the end of Meeting: press <leader>oi., i, type 14:00-15:30 and <CR>: one day, from 14:00 to 15:30.

Keys $ <leader>oi. i 14:00-15:30 <CR>

• Two times with a dash make a time range on one day.

** 4.3 A time range  ✓
At the end of =Meeting:= press =<leader>oi.=, =i=, type
=14:00-15:30= and =<CR>=: one day, from 14:00 to 15:30.

- Meeting: <2026-10-12 Mon 14:00-15:30>

** 4.4 See them in the agenda
Press =<leader>oa=, then =<= and =a=: the week of this file, with
the scheduled tasks, the deadlines and your ranges. =f=
shows the next week; =q= closes it.

* What next
That's dates. From here:

- =g?= lists every key, grouped by topic; =:h org-dates= is
  the manual on dates, =:h org-repeat= on repeaters.
- examples/00-index.org links to one file per feature, with examples and
  exercises.

✓ Next lesson: 5. Tables as a spreadsheet (:Org tutor tables)

 dates.org                                                               128:39
Tutor "dates" done! Next lesson: 5. Tables as a spreadsheet (:Org tutor tables)

4.4 See them in the agenda

Press <leader>oa, then < and a: the week of this file, with the scheduled tasks, the deadlines and your ranges. f shows the next week; q closes it.

Keys <leader>oa < a q

• The week agenda of this file shows every active date of the lesson.

** 4.4 See them in the agenda
Press =<leader>oa=, then =<= and =a=: the week of this file, with
the scheduled tasks, the deadlines and your ranges. =f=
shows the next week; =q= closes it.

* What next
That's dates. From here:

- =g?= lists every key, grouped by topic; =:h org-dates= is
  the manual on dates, =:h org-repeat= on repeaters.
- examples/00-index.org links to one file per feature, with examples and
  exercises.

✓ Next lesson: 5. Tables as a spreadsheet (:Org tutor tables)







 dates.org                                                                130:1

Welcome

An org table is more than lined-up text: you move around it like a form, reshape it with a key, and give it formulas that compute columns and totals, like a small spreadsheet. The first lesson showed how to align a table and add a row; this one goes further.

• Tables you can move around, reshape and compute, like a spreadsheet.

1.1 Next and previous field

<Tab> goes to the next field, <S-Tab> to the previous one. On Milk press i, then <Tab> twice to reach its price, type 1.20 and press <Esc>.

Keys i <Tab> <Tab> 1.20 <Esc>

• <Tab> jumps to the next field and lines the table up.

** 1.1 Next and previous field  ✓
=<Tab>= goes to the next field,
=<S-Tab>= to the previous one. On =Milk= press
=i=, then =<Tab>= twice to reach its price, type
=1.20= and press =<Esc>=.

| Item  | Qty | Price |
|-------+-----+-------|
| Bread |   1 |  2.50 |
| Milk  |   2 |  1.20 |

** 1.2 Down a column  ✗
=<CR>= goes to the same field of the next row. On =Eggs= press =i= and
=<Tab>=, type =12=, press =<CR>=, type =3= and press
=<Esc>=.

| Item  | Qty |
|-------+-----|
| Eggs  |     |
| Flour |     |

 tables.org                                                               32:21

1.2 Down a column

<CR> goes to the same field of the next row. On Eggs press i and <Tab>, type 12, press <CR>, type 3 and press <Esc>.

Keys i <Tab> 12 <CR> 3 <Esc>

• <CR> goes down to the same field of the next row.

** 1.2 Down a column  ✓
=<CR>= goes to the same field of the next row. On =Eggs= press =i= and
=<Tab>=, type =12=, press =<CR>=, type =3= and press
=<Esc>=.

| Item  | Qty |
|-------+-----|
| Eggs  |  12 |
| Flour |   3 |

* Lesson 2: reshaping
In Normal mode the keys that move headlines move table columns and
rows, and their Shift versions delete and insert them.

** 2.1 Move a column  ✗
=<M-h>= and =<M-l>= move the column at the
cursor. Put the =Qty= column first: on =Qty= press =<M-h>=.

| Item   | Qty |
|--------+-----|
| Apples |   4 |
 tables.org                                                               42:13

2.1 Move a column

<M-h> and <M-l> move the column at the cursor. Put the Qty column first: on Qty press <M-h>.

Keys <M-h>

• <M-h> moves the column at the cursor to the left.

** 2.1 Move a column  ✓
=<M-h>= and =<M-l>= move the column at the
cursor. Put the =Qty= column first: on =Qty= press =<M-h>=.

| Qty | Item   |
|-----+--------|
|   4 | Apples |
|   2 | Pears  |

** 2.2 Move a row  ✗
=<M-k>= and =<M-j>= move the row. Put =Coffee= at
the top: on its row press =<M-k>=.

| Drink  | Cups |
|--------+------|
| Tea    |    2 |
| Coffee |    3 |

** 2.3 Delete a column  ✗
=<M-H>= deletes the column at the cursor,
=<M-L>= inserts an empty one. Delete the =Notes=
 tables.org                                                                52:3

2.2 Move a row

<M-k> and <M-j> move the row. Put Coffee at the top: on its row press <M-k>.

Keys <M-k>

• <M-k> moves the row up, like a headline.

** 2.2 Move a row  ✓
=<M-k>= and =<M-j>= move the row. Put =Coffee= at
the top: on its row press =<M-k>=.

| Drink  | Cups |
|--------+------|
| Coffee |    3 |
| Tea    |    2 |

** 2.3 Delete a column  ✗
=<M-H>= deletes the column at the cursor,
=<M-L>= inserts an empty one. Delete the =Notes=
column: on =Notes= press =<M-H>=.

| Item  | Notes | Qty |
|-------+-------+-----|
| Rice  | dry   |   1 |
| Beans | dry   |   2 |

** 2.4 Delete a row  ✗
=<M-K>= deletes the row at the cursor,
 tables.org                                                                63:3

2.3 Delete a column

<M-H> deletes the column at the cursor, <M-L> inserts an empty one. Delete the Notes column: on Notes press <M-H>.

Keys <M-H>

• <M-H> deletes the column at the cursor.

** 2.3 Delete a column  ✓
=<M-H>= deletes the column at the cursor,
=<M-L>= inserts an empty one. Delete the =Notes=
column: on =Notes= press =<M-H>=.

| Item  | Qty |
|-------+-----|
| Rice  |   1 |
| Beans |   2 |

** 2.4 Delete a row  ✗
=<M-K>= deletes the row at the cursor,
=<M-J>= inserts an empty one above it. Delete the
=Old= row: on =Old= press =<M-K>=.

| Task  | Hours |
|-------+-------|
| Write |     3 |
| Old   |     9 |
| Read  |     1 |

 tables.org                                                               71:11

2.4 Delete a row

<M-K> deletes the row at the cursor, <M-J> inserts an empty one above it. Delete the Old row: on Old press <M-K>.

Keys <M-K>

• <M-K> deletes the row, <M-J> inserts one.

** 2.4 Delete a row  ✓
=<M-K>= deletes the row at the cursor,
=<M-J>= inserts an empty one above it. Delete the
=Old= row: on =Old= press =<M-K>=.

| Task  | Hours |
|-------+-------|
| Write |     3 |
| Read  |     1 |

** 2.5 Add a separator line  ✗
=<leader>oT-= puts a line under the current row. Separate
the header: on =Day= press =<leader>oT-=.

| Day | Steps |
| Mon |  4200 |
| Tue |  6100 |

** 2.6 Sort the rows  ✗
=<leader>oTs= sorts the rows by the column at the cursor. It asks
how: =a= alphabetically, =n= by number (=A= and =N= in reverse). On a
 tables.org                                                                84:3

2.5 Add a separator line

<leader>oT- puts a line under the current row. Separate the header: on Day press <leader>oT-.

Keys <leader>oT-

• <leader>oT- draws a separator line under the row.

** 2.5 Add a separator line  ✓
=<leader>oT-= puts a line under the current row. Separate
the header: on =Day= press =<leader>oT-=.

| Day | Steps |
|-----+-------|
| Mon |  4200 |
| Tue |  6100 |

** 2.6 Sort the rows  ✗
=<leader>oTs= sorts the rows by the column at the cursor. It asks
how: =a= alphabetically, =n= by number (=A= and =N= in reverse). On a
number of =Score= press =<leader>oTs= and =N=.

| Name | Score |
|------+-------|
| Ana  |    12 |
| Ben  |    31 |
| Cleo |    25 |

* Lesson 3: formulas
 tables.org                                                                90:3

2.6 Sort the rows

<leader>oTs sorts the rows by the column at the cursor. It asks how: a alphabetically, n by number (A and N in reverse). On a number of Score press <leader>oTs and N.

Keys <leader>oTs N

• <leader>oTs sorts by this column; N is by number, largest first.

** 2.6 Sort the rows  ✓
=<leader>oTs= sorts the rows by the column at the cursor. It asks
how: =a= alphabetically, =n= by number (=A= and =N= in reverse). On a
number of =Score= press =<leader>oTs= and =N=.

| Name | Score |
|------+-------|
| Ben  |    31 |
| Cleo |    25 |
| Ana  |    12 |

* Lesson 3: formulas
Formulas live in a =#+TBLFM:= line under the table. =$2= is column 2 of
the same row, =@3= row 3 (separator lines don't count), =@>= the last
row and =@-1= the row above.

** 3.1 A column formula  ✗
Text typed in a field that starts with an equals sign becomes the
formula of its column. On =Apples= press =i= and
=<Tab>= three times, type ~=$2*$3~ (Qty times
Price) and press =<Tab>=. A =#+TBLFM:= line appears.
 tables.org                                                              102:13

3.1 A column formula

Text typed in a field that starts with an equals sign becomes the formula of its column. On Apples press i and <Tab> three times, type ~=$2*$3~ (Qty times Price) and press <Tab>. A #+TBLFM: line appears.

Keys i <Tab> <Tab> <Tab> =$2*$3 <Tab> <Esc>

• A field typed as =formula becomes the formula of its column.

** 3.1 A column formula  ✓
Text typed in a field that starts with an equals sign becomes the
formula of its column. On =Apples= press =i= and
=<Tab>= three times, type ~=$2*$3~ (Qty times
Price) and press =<Tab>=. A =#+TBLFM:= line appears.

| Item   | Qty | Price | Total |
|--------+-----+-------+-------|
| Apples |   3 |   0.5 |   1.5 |
| Lemons |   4 |  0.25 |       |
#+TBLFM: $4=$2*$3

** 3.2 Ask for a formula  ✗
=<C-c>== asks for the formula of the column at the
cursor and computes that one field. On the =0= next to =10= press
=<C-c>==, type =$1*0.62= (km to miles) and press =<CR>=.

| Km | Miles |
|----+-------|
| 10 |     0 |
| 42 |     0 |
 tables.org                                                               120:2

3.2 Ask for a formula

=<C-c>== asks for the formula of the column at the cursor and computes that one field. On the 0 next to 10 press =<C-c>==, type $1*0.62 (km to miles) and press <CR>.

Keys <C-c>= $1*0.62 <CR>

• <C-c>= asks for the formula of this column.

** 3.2 Ask for a formula  ✓
=<C-c>== asks for the formula of the column at the
cursor and computes that one field. On the =0= next to =10= press
=<C-c>==, type =$1*0.62= (km to miles) and press =<CR>=.

| Km | Miles |
|----+-------|
| 10 |   6.2 |
| 42 |     0 |
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*0.62

** 3.3 Recalculate  ✗
A new formula fills only the field you typed it in. To compute every
field again, press =<leader>oTf= in the table. On a =#+TBLFM:=
line =<C-c><C-c>= does the same.

| Item   | Qty | Price | Total |
|--------+-----+-------+-------|
| Apples |   3 |   0.5 |       |
| Lemons |   4 |  0.25 |       |
#+TBLFM: $4=$2*$3
 tables.org                                                              130:10
Column formula $2=$1*0.62

3.3 Recalculate

A new formula fills only the field you typed it in. To compute every field again, press <leader>oTf in the table. On a #+TBLFM: line <C-c><C-c> does the same.

Keys <leader>oTf

• <leader>oTf recalculates every formula of the table.

** 3.3 Recalculate  ✓
A new formula fills only the field you typed it in. To compute every
field again, press =<leader>oTf= in the table. On a =#+TBLFM:=
line =<C-c><C-c>= does the same.

| Item   | Qty | Price | Total |
|--------+-----+-------+-------|
| Apples |   3 |   0.5 |   1.5 |
| Lemons |   4 |  0.25 |    1. |
#+TBLFM: $4=$2*$3

** 3.4 A field formula  ✗
Starting with ~:=~ instead makes a formula for that one field. On =Sum=
press =i= and =<Tab>=, type ~:=vsum(@2..@-1)~, then
=<Esc>= and =<C-c><C-c>=: it sums row 2 to the row above.

| Item | Cost |
|------+------|
| Rent |  800 |
| Food |  250 |
|------+------|
 tables.org                                                               141:3
Column formula $2=$1*0.62

3.4 A field formula

Starting with ~:=~ instead makes a formula for that one field. On Sum press i and <Tab>, type ~:=vsum(@2..@-1)~, then <Esc> and <C-c><C-c>: it sums row 2 to the row above.

Keys i <Tab> :=vsum(@2..@-1) <Esc> <C-c><C-c>

• A field typed as :=formula gets a formula of its own.

** 3.4 A field formula  ✓
Starting with ~:=~ instead makes a formula for that one field. On =Sum=
press =i= and =<Tab>=, type ~:=vsum(@2..@-1)~, then
=<Esc>= and =<C-c><C-c>=: it sums row 2 to the row above.

| Item | Cost |
|------+------|
| Rent |  800 |
| Food |  250 |
|------+------|
| Sum  | 1050 |
#+TBLFM: @4$2=vsum(@2..@-1)

** 3.5 A number format  ✗
A format after =;= shapes a formula's results: =%.2f= shows two
decimals, so =1.= becomes =1.00=. Press =A= on the =#+TBLFM:= line, type
=;%.2f=, then =<Esc>= and =<C-c><C-c>= to recalculate.

| Item   | Qty | Price | Total |
|--------+-----+-------+-------|
| Apples |   3 |   0.5 |   1.5 |
 tables.org                                                              155:15
Column formula $2=$1*0.62

3.5 A number format

A format after ; shapes a formula's results: %.2f shows two decimals, so 1. becomes 1.00. Press A on the #+TBLFM: line, type ;%.2f, then <Esc> and <C-c><C-c> to recalculate.

Keys A ;%.2f <Esc> <C-c><C-c>

• After a semicolon, %.2f rounds the result to two decimals.

** 3.5 A number format  ✓
A format after =;= shapes a formula's results: =%.2f= shows two
decimals, so =1.= becomes =1.00=. Press =A= on the =#+TBLFM:= line, type
=;%.2f=, then =<Esc>= and =<C-c><C-c>= to recalculate.

| Item   | Qty | Price | Total |
|--------+-----+-------+-------|
| Apples |   3 |   0.5 |  1.50 |
| Lemons |   4 |  0.25 |  1.00 |
#+TBLFM: $4=$2*$3;%.2f

* Lesson 4: from text to a table
Data copied from elsewhere often comes as lines of text.

** 4.1 Convert comma-separated lines  ✗
=<leader>oTc= in Visual mode turns lines of text into a table:
comma-separated (CSV) when every line has a comma, else split at tabs
or spaces. Select the three lines with =V= and =jj=, then press
=<leader>oTc=.

city,people
 tables.org                                                              167:22
Column formula $2=$1*0.62

4.1 Convert comma-separated lines

<leader>oTc in Visual mode turns lines of text into a table: comma-separated (CSV) when every line has a comma, else split at tabs or spaces. Select the three lines with V and jj, then press <leader>oTc.

city,people Lima,10 Oslo,7

Keys V jj <leader>oTc

• <leader>oTc on selected comma-separated lines makes a table.

** 4.1 Convert comma-separated lines  ✓
=<leader>oTc= in Visual mode turns lines of text into a table:
comma-separated (CSV) when every line has a comma, else split at tabs
or spaces. Select the three lines with =V= and =jj=, then press
=<leader>oTc=.

| city | people |
| Lima |     10 |
| Oslo |      7 |

* What next
That's the spreadsheet tour. From here:

- =g?= lists every table key; =<leader>o'= in a table
  opens its formulas in an editor, and =<C-c>== asks
  for the formula of the current column.
- =:h org-tables= and =:h org-table-calc= are the manual: references,
  ranges, functions and formats.
- examples/00-index.org links to one file per feature, the spreadsheet included.

✓ Next lesson: 6. Properties and column view (:Org tutor properties)
 tables.org                                                               180:1
Tutor "tables" done! Next lesson: 6. Properties and column view (:Org tutor prop
erties)

Welcome

Properties are named values on a headline, such as a colour, an owner or how long a task will take. Column view shows them as a table over your outline, where you can edit them and see their sums.

• Properties: named values on headlines, and column view to see them.

1.1 Set a property

Put the cursor on Coffee grinder and press <leader>op. Type the name Color and <CR>, then the value red and <CR>. A drawer with :Color: red appears under the headline.

Keys <leader>op Color <CR> red <CR>

• <leader>op asks for a property name, then its value.

** 1.1 Set a property  ✓
Put the cursor on =Coffee grinder= and press =<leader>op=. Type
the name =Color= and =<CR>=, then the value =red= and =<CR>=. A drawer
with =:Color: red= appears under the headline.

*** Coffee grinder
:PROPERTIES:
:Color:    red
:END:

** 1.2 Cycle through allowed values  ✗
A =:Size_ALL:= property lists the values =Size= may take, in its whole
subtree (an =_ALL= property is inherited). Open the drawer of =Blue
shirt= with =<Tab>= on its =:PROPERTIES:= line. Then on =:Size: M=
press =<S-Right>=: it changes to the next allowed value, =L=
(=<S-Left>= goes back).

*** Shirts
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Blue shirt
:PROPERTIES:...
 properties.org                                                            28:5
Color: red

1.2 Cycle through allowed values

A :Size_ALL: property lists the values Size may take, in its whole subtree (an _ALL property is inherited). Open the drawer of Blue shirt with <Tab> on its :PROPERTIES: line. Then on :Size: M press <S-Right>: it changes to the next allowed value, L (<S-Left> goes back).

Keys j <Tab> <S-Right>

• <Tab> on a folded drawer opens it.
• <S-Right> on a property moves to its next allowed value.

** 1.2 Cycle through allowed values  ✓
A =:Size_ALL:= property lists the values =Size= may take, in its whole
subtree (an =_ALL= property is inherited). Open the drawer of =Blue
shirt= with =<Tab>= on its =:PROPERTIES:= line. Then on =:Size: M=
press =<S-Right>=: it changes to the next allowed value, =L=
(=<S-Left>= goes back).

*** Shirts
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Blue shirt
:PROPERTIES:
:Size:     L
:END:

** 1.3 Pick an allowed value  ✗
When a property has allowed values, =<leader>op= offers them
in a menu. On =Red shirt=, set =Size= to =S=: press the key, type =Size=
and =<CR>=, then pick =S=.

*** Shirts
:PROPERTIES:...
 properties.org                                                           46:12
Color: red

1.3 Pick an allowed value

When a property has allowed values, <leader>op offers them in a menu. On Red shirt, set Size to S: press the key, type Size and <CR>, then pick S.

Keys <leader>op Size <CR> 1 <CR>

• With allowed values, <leader>op offers them in a menu.

** 1.3 Pick an allowed value  ✓
When a property has allowed values, =<leader>op= offers them
in a menu. On =Red shirt=, set =Size= to =S=: press the key, type =Size=
and =<CR>=, then pick =S=.

*** Shirts
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Red shirt
:PROPERTIES:
:Size:     S
:END:

** 1.4 Set an effort  ✗
=Effort= is the property for how long a task should take, as =H:MM=.
The clock, the agenda and column view use it. On =Write the intro=,
press =<leader>oxe=, type =0:45= and =<CR>=.

*** TODO Write the intro

** 1.5 Delete a property  ✗
On =Old lamp=, press =<leader>oP= and pick =Color=. The
 properties.org                                                            58:6

1.4 Set an effort

Effort is the property for how long a task should take, as H:MM. The clock, the agenda and column view use it. On Write the intro, press <leader>oxe, type 0:45 and <CR>.

Keys <leader>oxe 0:45 <CR>

• <leader>oxe sets the Effort property: hours and minutes.

** 1.4 Set an effort  ✓
=Effort= is the property for how long a task should take, as =H:MM=.
The clock, the agenda and column view use it. On =Write the intro=,
press =<leader>oxe=, type =0:45= and =<CR>=.

*** TODO Write the intro
:PROPERTIES:
:Effort:   0:45
:END:

** 1.5 Delete a property  ✗
On =Old lamp=, press =<leader>oP= and pick =Color=. The
drawer goes too, as nothing is left in it.

*** Old lamp
:PROPERTIES:...

* Lesson 2: column view
Column view draws the properties of a subtree as columns over its
headlines. A =#+COLUMNS:= line sets the columns for the whole file:

 properties.org                                                           68:10
Effort: 0:45

1.5 Delete a property

On Old lamp, press <leader>oP and pick Color. The drawer goes too, as nothing is left in it.

Keys <leader>oP 1 <CR>

• <leader>oP removes a property, and the drawer once empty.

** 1.5 Delete a property  ✓
On =Old lamp=, press =<leader>oP= and pick =Color=. The
drawer goes too, as nothing is left in it.

*** Old lamp

* Lesson 2: column view
Column view draws the properties of a subtree as columns over its
headlines. A =#+COLUMNS:= line sets the columns for the whole file:

: #+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %Effort{:} %Owner

Each =%Name= is a column and =ITEM= is the headline. A number before the
name is the column's width, and ={:}= after it adds up the times of the
children in their parent. A =:COLUMNS:= property sets the columns for
one subtree, as in the trees below. Most properties belong to their own
headline only: =COLUMNS= and the =_ALL= ones are among the few that
are inherited.

** 2.1 Open column view  ✗
On =Website= press =<leader>oC=. Its headlines become rows,
 properties.org                                                            77:5

2.1 Open column view

On Website press <leader>oC. Its headlines become rows, and Website shows the sum of the efforts below it, 3:30. Press q to close the view again.

Keys <leader>oC q

• <leader>oC shows the subtree's properties as columns.
• The parent row sums the efforts below it: 2:00 and 1:30 make 3:30.
• q closes column view and gives the headlines back.

** 2.1 Open column view  ✓
On =Website= press =<leader>oC=. Its headlines become rows,
and =Website= shows the sum of the efforts below it, =3:30=. Press =q=
to close the view again.

*** Website
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Design the pages
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Write the copy
:PROPERTIES:...

** 2.2 Cycle a value in column view  ✗
Open column view on =Garden=. =l= and =h= move across the columns, =j=
and =k= across the rows. On the =Owner= column of =Dig the beds=, press
=n= until it shows =Ben= (=p= goes back). Then =q= closes the view.

*** Garden
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Dig the beds
:PROPERTIES:...
 properties.org                                                            97:5

2.2 Cycle a value in column view

Open column view on Garden. l and h move across the columns, j and k across the rows. On the Owner column of Dig the beds, press n until it shows Ben (p goes back). Then q closes the view.

Keys <leader>oC l l n q

• l moves to the next column, n to the next allowed value.
• The new value is written in the drawer of Dig the beds.

*** Website
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Design the pages
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Write the copy
:PROPERTIES:...

** 2.2 Cycle a value in column view  ✓
Open column view on =Garden=. =l= and =h= move across the columns, =j=
and =k= across the rows. On the =Owner= column of =Dig the beds=, press
=n= until it shows =Ben= (=p= goes back). Then =q= closes the view.

*** Garden
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Dig the beds
:PROPERTIES:...

** 2.3 Edit a value and watch the sum  ✗
Open column view on =Kitchen=. On the =Effort= column of =Paint the
walls=, press =e=, type =3:00= and =<CR>=: the sum on =Kitchen= goes
from =0:30= to =3:30=. Press =q= when you are done.
 properties.org                                                          120:17

2.3 Edit a value and watch the sum

Open column view on Kitchen. On the Effort column of Paint the walls, press e, type 3:00 and <CR>: the sum on Kitchen goes from 0:30 to 3:30. Press q when you are done.

Keys <leader>oC l e 3:00 <CR> q

• e edits the value under the cursor; the sum above follows.

** 2.3 Edit a value and watch the sum  ✓
Open column view on =Kitchen=. On the =Effort= column of =Paint the
walls=, press =e=, type =3:00= and =<CR>=: the sum on =Kitchen= goes
from =0:30= to =3:30=. Press =q= when you are done.

*** Kitchen
:PROPERTIES:...
**** Paint the walls
:PROPERTIES:
:Effort:   3:00
:END:
**** Fix the tap
:PROPERTIES:...

** 2.4 Insert a columnview block  ✗
A columnview block writes the column view of a subtree into the file,
as a table. Put the cursor on the =Report:= line below and press
=<C-c><C-x>i=, then =<CR>= at the prompt (=local= is
the subtree the block is in).

*** Shop
 properties.org                                                          134:20
Edit: 3:00

2.4 Insert a columnview block

A columnview block writes the column view of a subtree into the file, as a table. Put the cursor on the Report: line below and press <C-c><C-x>i, then <CR> at the prompt (local is the subtree the block is in).

Keys <C-c><C-x>i <CR>

• <C-c><C-x>i writes the column view into the file.

** 2.4 Insert a columnview block  ✓
A columnview block writes the column view of a subtree into the file,
as a table. Put the cursor on the =Report:= line below and press
=<C-c><C-x>i=, then =<CR>= at the prompt (=local= is
the subtree the block is in).

*** Shop
:PROPERTIES:...
Report:
#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id local
| ITEM        | Effort |
|-------------+--------|
| Shop        |   0:20 |
| Order paint |   0:20 |
#+END:
**** Order paint
:PROPERTIES:
:Effort:   0:20
:END:

** 2.5 Update a columnview block  ✗
 properties.org                                                           154:1
Capture columns (local, global, entry with :ID: property) [local]:

2.5 Update a columnview block

Pack the boxes now takes 2:00, but the table below still says 1:00. Put the cursor on its #+BEGIN: line and press <C-c><C-c> (or <leader>oxu): the table is written again, with the new times.

Keys <C-c><C-c>

• <C-c><C-c> on #+BEGIN: writes the table again, up to date.

** 2.5 Update a columnview block  ✓
=Pack the boxes= now takes =2:00=, but the table below still says
=1:00=. Put the cursor on its =#+BEGIN:= line and press
=<C-c><C-c>= (or =<leader>oxu=): the table is
written again, with the new times.

*** Move
:PROPERTIES:...
#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id local
| ITEM           | Effort |
|----------------+--------|
| Move           |   2:00 |
| Pack the boxes |   2:00 |
#+END:
**** Pack the boxes
:PROPERTIES:...

* What next
That's properties and column view. From here:

- =g?= lists every key, grouped by topic; =:h org-properties=
 properties.org                                                           175:1
Tutor "properties" done! Next lesson: 7. Organize and find (:Org tutor organize)

Welcome

Notes pile up. This lesson shows how to keep a file in order: move entries where they belong (refile), put finished work out of the way (archive), and find things again: sparse trees, jumping to a heading, narrowing to one subtree and searching tags in the agenda.

• Refile, archive and search, all tried out in this one file.

1.1 Refile a task

Put the cursor on Buy stamps and press <leader>or. Pick Errands in the list: the task moves to the end of Errands, the headline after this lesson.

Keys <leader>or 2 <CR>

• <leader>or moves the subtree under a headline you pick.

** 1.1 Refile a task  ✓
Put the cursor on =Buy stamps= and press =<leader>or=. Pick =Errands=
in the list: the task moves to the end of =Errands=, the headline after
this lesson.

*** TODO Book the flights

** 1.2 Copy instead of moving  ✗
=<leader>oR= files a copy and keeps the original. On =Renew the
passport= press =<leader>oR= and pick =Errands=: the task is
now in both places.

*** TODO Renew the passport

* Errands
The target of Lesson 1: refiled entries land at the end of it.

** TODO Buy stamps
* Lesson 2: archive
Archiving puts done work out of the way, so the outline and the agenda
stay short. Nothing is lost: archived entries keep their text.
 organize.org                                                             30:10
Refiled "Buy stamps" to Errands

1.2 Copy instead of moving

<leader>oR files a copy and keeps the original. On Renew the passport press <leader>oR and pick Errands: the task is now in both places.

Keys <leader>oR 2 <CR>

• <leader>oR files a copy and keeps the original.

** 1.2 Copy instead of moving  ✓
=<leader>oR= files a copy and keeps the original. On =Renew the
passport= press =<leader>oR= and pick =Errands=: the task is
now in both places.

*** TODO Renew the passport

* Errands
The target of Lesson 1: refiled entries land at the end of it.

** TODO Buy stamps
** TODO Renew the passport

* Lesson 2: archive
Archiving puts done work out of the way, so the outline and the agenda
stay short. Nothing is lost: archived entries keep their text.

** 2.1 Tag a subtree ARCHIVE  ✗
On =Old ideas= press =<leader>ohA=. The ARCHIVE tag keeps
a subtree folded (=<Tab>= leaves it closed) and out of the
agenda, while it stays where it is. The same key removes the tag.
 organize.org                                                             37:10
Copied "Renew the passport" to Errands

2.1 Tag a subtree ARCHIVE

On Old ideas press <leader>ohA. The ARCHIVE tag keeps a subtree folded (<Tab> leaves it closed) and out of the agenda, while it stays where it is. The same key removes the tag.

Keys <leader>ohA <Tab>

• <leader>ohA tags it ARCHIVE: it stays folded.

** 2.1 Tag a subtree ARCHIVE  ✓
On =Old ideas= press =<leader>ohA=. The ARCHIVE tag keeps
a subtree folded (=<Tab>= leaves it closed) and out of the
agenda, while it stays where it is. The same key removes the tag.

*** Old ideas                                                       :ARCHIVE:...
** 2.2 Archive under the Archive sibling  ✗
On =Fix the fence= press =<C-c><C-x>A=: it moves under an
=Archive= headline next to it, which is made, with the ARCHIVE tag, the
first time.

*** DONE Fix the fence
*** TODO Paint the shed

** 2.3 Archive to a file  ✗
On =Pay the rent= press =<leader>o$=: the subtree leaves this
file for =organize.org_archive=, next to it. The =#+ARCHIVE:= line or
an =ARCHIVE= property says where; =archive_location= is the default.

*** DONE Pay the rent

 organize.org                                                              54:5
Subtree is archived and stays closed.  Use <C-c><C-Tab> to cycle it anyway.

2.2 Archive under the Archive sibling

On Fix the fence press <C-c><C-x>A: it moves under an Archive headline next to it, which is made, with the ARCHIVE tag, the first time.

Keys <C-c><C-x>A

• <C-c><C-x>A moves it under the Archive sibling.

** 2.2 Archive under the Archive sibling  ✓
On =Fix the fence= press =<C-c><C-x>A=: it moves under an
=Archive= headline next to it, which is made, with the ARCHIVE tag, the
first time.

*** TODO Paint the shed

*** Archive                                                         :ARCHIVE:...
** 2.3 Archive to a file  ✗
On =Pay the rent= press =<leader>o$=: the subtree leaves this
file for =organize.org_archive=, next to it. The =#+ARCHIVE:= line or
an =ARCHIVE= property says where; =archive_location= is the default.

*** DONE Pay the rent

* Lesson 3: sparse trees
A sparse tree folds the whole file down to the entries that match, with
the headlines above them, and highlights the matches.
=<leader>o/= shows the menu of searches.

** 3.1 Show the TODO entries  ✗
 organize.org                                                              63:1
Subtree "Fix the fence" moved to archive sibling

2.3 Archive to a file

On Pay the rent press <leader>o$: the subtree leaves this file for organize.org_archive, next to it. The #+ARCHIVE: line or an ARCHIVE property says where; archive_location is the default.

Keys <leader>o$

• <leader>o$ moves it to the archive file.

** 2.3 Archive to a file  ✓
On =Pay the rent= press =<leader>o$=: the subtree leaves this
file for =organize.org_archive=, next to it. The =#+ARCHIVE:= line or
an =ARCHIVE= property says where; =archive_location= is the default.

* Lesson 3: sparse trees
A sparse tree folds the whole file down to the entries that match, with
the headlines above them, and highlights the matches.
=<leader>o/= shows the menu of searches.

** 3.1 Show the TODO entries  ✗
Press =<leader>o/= and then =t=: only the open TODO entries of
the file show. =Water the garden= is DONE, so it folds away.

*** TODO Call the plumber
*** DONE Water the garden
The roses too.

** 3.2 Search for a word  ✗
Press =<leader>o/=, =r=, type =invoice= and press =<CR>=: the
entries with the word in their text open, the word highlighted.
 organize.org                                                              75:1
Subtree "Pay the rent" archived in ~/.local/share/nvim/org/tutor/organize.org_ar
chive

3.1 Show the TODO entries

Press <leader>o/ and then t: only the open TODO entries of the file show. Water the garden is DONE, so it folds away.

Keys <leader>o/ t

• <leader>o/ t shows only the open TODO entries.

* Lesson 1: refile...
** 1.1 Refile a task...  ✓
*** TODO Book the flights...
** 1.2 Copy instead of moving...  ✓
*** TODO Renew the passport...
* Errands...
** TODO Buy stamps
** TODO Renew the passport...
* Lesson 2: archive...
** 2.2 Archive under the Archive sibling...  ✓
*** TODO Paint the shed...
* Lesson 3: sparse trees...
** 3.1 Show the TODO entries...  ✓
*** TODO Call the plumber...
* Lesson 4: jump and focus...
** 4.3 Search tags in the agenda...  ✗
*** TODO Return the books                                         :errand:
*** TODO Pick up the parcel                                       :errand:...
* What next...


 organize.org                                                              30:1
8 matches for TODO entries

3.2 Search for a word

Press <leader>o/, r, type invoice and press <CR>: the entries with the word in their text open, the word highlighted.

Keys <leader>o/ r invoice <CR>

• r searches for a regexp and opens the entries that have it.

* Lesson 3: sparse trees...
** 3.2 Search for a word  ✓
Press =<leader>o/=, =r=, type =invoice= and press =<CR>=: the
entries with the word in their text open, the word highlighted.

*** Shop
Send the invoice to Anna.
* Lesson 4: jump and focus...
* What next...












 organize.org                                                             89:32
2 matches for /invoice/

3.3 Match a tag

Press <leader>o/, m, type phone and press <CR>: the headlines tagged phone show. A match can combine tags: phone-work.

Keys <leader>o/ m phone <CR>

• m matches tags: the headlines tagged phone show.

* Lesson 3: sparse trees...
** 3.3 Match a tag...  ✓
*** Call the bank                                                   :phone:...
* Lesson 4: jump and focus...
* What next...
















 organize.org                                                             101:1
1 match for phone

3.4 Back to the whole file

Press <leader>o/ and then C to clear the highlights, and <S-Tab> until the whole file shows again.

Keys <leader>o/ C <S-Tab> <S-Tab> <S-Tab>

• C clears the highlights; <S-Tab> shows the whole file.

* Lesson 3: sparse trees
A sparse tree folds the whole file down to the entries that match, with
the headlines above them, and highlights the matches.
=<leader>o/= shows the menu of searches.

** 3.1 Show the TODO entries  ✓
Press =<leader>o/= and then =t=: only the open TODO entries of
the file show. =Water the garden= is DONE, so it folds away.

*** TODO Call the plumber
*** DONE Water the garden
The roses too.

** 3.2 Search for a word  ✓
Press =<leader>o/=, =r=, type =invoice= and press =<CR>=: the
entries with the word in their text open, the word highlighted.

*** Shop
Send the invoice to Anna.
*** Garden
Nothing to send here.
 organize.org                                                              75:1
SHOW ALL

4.1 Jump to a heading

<leader>o. shows the outline of this file in a tab of its own. Type What next to search for it, press <CR> to end the search and <CR> again to jump there. The folds of this file stay as they were.

Keys <leader>o. What next <CR> <CR>

• <leader>o. shows the outline; type to search, <CR> to jump.

Type =What next= to search for it, press =<CR>= to end the search and
=<CR>= again to jump there. The folds of this file stay as they were.

** 4.2 Narrow to a subtree  ✗
On =Packing list= press =<leader>ohn=: the subtree opens alone
in an edit buffer. Add an item =- Sunscreen= at the end, then press
=<C-c>'= to write it back and close it.

*** Packing list
- Passport
- Charger

** 4.3 Search tags in the agenda  ✗
The agenda searches tags across files. Press =<leader>oa=, then
=<= (this file only), =m=, type =errand= and press =<CR>=. On =Return
the books= press =<Tab>= to jump to it.

*** TODO Return the books                                         :errand:
*** TODO Pick up the parcel                                       :errand:

* What next
 organize.org                                                             136:3

4.2 Narrow to a subtree

On Packing list press <leader>ohn: the subtree opens alone in an edit buffer. Add an item - Sunscreen at the end, then press <C-c>' to write it back and close it.

Keys <leader>ohn G o - Sunscreen <Esc> <C-c>'

• <leader>ohn opens the subtree alone, in an edit buffer.
• <C-c>' writes it back and closes the edit buffer.

** 4.2 Narrow to a subtree  ✓
On =Packing list= press =<leader>ohn=: the subtree opens alone
in an edit buffer. Add an item =- Sunscreen= at the end, then press
=<C-c>'= to write it back and close it.

*** Packing list
- Passport
- Charger

  - Sunscreen
** 4.3 Search tags in the agenda  ✗
The agenda searches tags across files. Press =<leader>oa=, then
=<= (this file only), =m=, type =errand= and press =<CR>=. On =Return
the books= press =<Tab>= to jump to it.

*** TODO Return the books                                         :errand:
*** TODO Pick up the parcel                                       :errand:

* What next
That's how to keep a file in order. From here:

 organize.org                                                             124:5

4.3 Search tags in the agenda

The agenda searches tags across files. Press <leader>oa, then < (this file only), m, type errand and press <CR>. On Return the books press <Tab> to jump to it.

Keys <leader>oa < m errand <CR> <Tab>

• In the agenda menu, m searches tags; < keeps it to this file.
• <Tab> jumps to the entry in its file.

** 4.3 Search tags in the agenda  ✓
The agenda searches tags across files. Press =<leader>oa=, then
=<= (this file only), =m=, type =errand= and press =<CR>=. On =Return
the books= press =<Tab>= to jump to it.

*** TODO Return the books                                         :errand:
*** TODO Pick up the parcel                                       :errand:

* What next
 organize.org                                                             134:1
Headlines with TAGS match: errand
Press ‘1 r’ to search again
  organize:   TODO Return the books                                    :errand:
  organize:   TODO Pick up the parcel                                  :errand:







 agenda                                                                    3:20
Tutor "organize" done! Next lesson: 8. Code and export (:Org tutor code)

Welcome

An org file can hold code that runs, with its results written right under it, and any part of the file exports to Markdown, plain text, HTML and more. The code here is Lua: it needs nothing installed, as Lua blocks run inside Neovim.

• Code that runs inside your notes, and exports of them.

1.1 Run a block

Put the cursor on the #+begin_src line below, press <C-c><C-c> and answer y: the value the code returns appears under it.

Keys <C-c><C-c> y

• <C-c><C-c> runs the block; y answers the question before it runs.

** 1.1 Run a block  ✓
Put the cursor on the =#+begin_src= line below, press
=<C-c><C-c>= and answer =y=: the value the code returns
appears under it.

*** The answer
#+begin_src lua
  return 6 * 7
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
: 42

** 1.2 Print instead of return  ✗
The result is the value the code returns (=:results value=, the
default). With =:results output= it is what the code prints. Run this
block.

*** Greetings
#+begin_src lua :results output
  print("Hello from Lua")
 code.org                                                                  33:1

1.2 Print instead of return

The result is the value the code returns (:results value, the default). With :results output it is what the code prints. Run this block.

Keys <C-c><C-c> y

• With :results output the result is what the code prints.

** 1.2 Print instead of return  ✓
The result is the value the code returns (=:results value=, the
default). With =:results output= it is what the code prints. Run this
block.

*** Greetings
#+begin_src lua :results output
  print("Hello from Lua")
  print("and hello again")
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
: Hello from Lua
: and hello again

** 1.3 Get a table back  ✗
A list of rows comes back as an org table, which you can edit, sort or
use in a formula. Run this block.

*** Shopping
#+begin_src lua
 code.org                                                                  46:1

1.3 Get a table back

A list of rows comes back as an org table, which you can edit, sort or use in a formula. Run this block.

Keys <C-c><C-c> y

• A list of rows comes back as an org table.

** 1.3 Get a table back  ✓
A list of rows comes back as an org table, which you can edit, sort or
use in a formula. Run this block.

*** Shopping
#+begin_src lua
  return { { "bread", 2 }, { "cheese", 1 }, { "apples", 6 } }
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
| bread  | 2 |
| cheese | 1 |
| apples | 6 |

** 1.4 Write a block  ✗
On the empty line under =Your block=, press
=<leader>oib= and =s=: an empty source block
appears, with the cursor where its language goes. Type =lua=, press
=<Esc>=, open a line with =o=, write =return 1 + 2=, =<Esc>=, and run
it.

 code.org                                                                  60:1

1.4 Write a block

On the empty line under Your block, press <leader>oib and s: an empty source block appears, with the cursor where its language goes. Type lua, press <Esc>, open a line with o, write return 1 + 2, <Esc>, and run it.

Keys j <leader>oib s lua <Esc> o return 1 + 2 <Esc> <C-c><C-c> y

• <leader>oib inserts a block; s makes it a source block.

** 1.4 Write a block  ✓
On the empty line under =Your block=, press
=<leader>oib= and =s=: an empty source block
appears, with the cursor where its language goes. Type =lua=, press
=<Esc>=, open a line with =o=, write =return 1 + 2=, =<Esc>=, and run
it.

*** Your block
#+begin_src lua
  return 1 + 2
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
: 3

** 1.5 Edit a block in its own window  ✗
=<leader>o'= in a block opens its code in a window of its
own, as a Lua buffer: indenting, completion and your Lua tools work
there. Change =World= to your name, then press =<C-c>'=
to write it back into the block.

 code.org                                                                 78:14

1.5 Edit a block in its own window

<leader>o' in a block opens its code in a window of its own, as a Lua buffer: indenting, completion and your Lua tools work there. Change World to your name, then press <C-c>' to write it back into the block.

Keys <leader>o' ciw Ada <Esc> <C-c>'

• <leader>o' opens the code in a Lua buffer of its own.
• <C-c>' writes the change back into the block.

** 1.5 Edit a block in its own window  ✓
=<leader>o'= in a block opens its code in a window of its
own, as a Lua buffer: indenting, completion and your Lua tools work
there. Change =World= to your name, then press =<C-c>'=
to write it back into the block.

*** Who
#+begin_src lua
  return "Hello, Ada"
#+end_src

* Lesson 2: blocks that work together
The header argument =:var name=value= gives a block a variable. The
value can be a number, a string, a table of this file or the result of
another block, both found by their =#+NAME:=.

** 2.1 Read a table  ✗
The block below adds up the =price= column of the table named =prices=
(=:var data=prices=: its rows, without the header). Run it.

*** Prices
 code.org                                                                 92:20

2.1 Read a table

The block below adds up the price column of the table named prices (=:var data=prices=: its rows, without the header). Run it.

Keys <C-c><C-c> y

• :var data=prices hands the table to the block as a list of rows.

** 2.1 Read a table  ✓
The block below adds up the =price= column of the table named =prices=
(=:var data=prices=: its rows, without the header). Run it.

*** Prices
#+NAME: prices
| item   | price |
|--------+-------|
| bread  |     3 |
| cheese |     5 |
| apples |     4 |

#+begin_src lua :var data=prices
  local total = 0
  for _, row in ipairs(data) do
    total = total + row[2]
  end
  return total
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
 code.org                                                                 112:1

2.2 Call a named block

greet is a named block, with "you" as the default name. A #+CALL: line runs it with other values: run the #+CALL: line.

Keys <C-c><C-c> y

• #+CALL runs the named block with the values it gives.

** 2.2 Call a named block  ✓
=greet= is a named block, with ="you"= as the default =name=. A
=#+CALL:= line runs it with other values: run the =#+CALL:= line.

*** Greeter
#+NAME: greet
#+begin_src lua :var name="you"
  return "Hello, " .. name
#+end_src

#+CALL: greet(name="Neovim")

#+RESULTS:
: Hello, Neovim

** 2.3 Use another block's result  ✗
=:var n=dice()= runs the block named =dice= and hands its value over.
Run the second block: you are asked for each of the two, =y= twice.

*** Dice
#+NAME: dice
 code.org                                                                 133:1

2.3 Use another block's result

=:var n=dice()= runs the block named dice and hands its value over. Run the second block: you are asked for each of the two, y twice.

Keys <C-c><C-c> y y

• dice runs first, and its value becomes n.

** 2.3 Use another block's result  ✓
=:var n=dice()= runs the block named =dice= and hands its value over.
Run the second block: you are asked for each of the two, =y= twice.

*** Dice
#+NAME: dice
#+begin_src lua
  return 4
#+end_src

#+begin_src lua :var n=dice()
  return "Double: " .. n * 2
#+end_src

#+RESULTS:
: Double: 8

* Lesson 3: tangle
Tangling writes the code of blocks to the file their =:tangle= header
names: a config kept in org next to its notes, a script, a module.

 code.org                                                                 148:1

3.1 Tangle a block to a file

Press <leader>obt anywhere in this file: the block below is written to hello.lua, next to this copy (in Neovim's data directory). Then press <CR> on the link to see the file, and :q to close it.

Keys <leader>obt <CR> :q<CR>

• <leader>obt writes each block to the file its :tangle names.
• The link opens the file it wrote; :q closes it.

** 3.1 Tangle a block to a file  ✓
Press =<leader>obt= anywhere in this file: the block below is
written to =hello.lua=, next to this copy (in Neovim's data directory).
Then press =<CR>= on the link to see the file, and =:q=
to close it.

*** Script
#+begin_src lua :tangle hello.lua
  print("Hello from a tangled file")
#+end_src

file:hello.lua

* Lesson 4: export
=<leader>oe= opens the export menu: =m= Markdown, =h= HTML, =t= plain
text, =l= LaTeX and more. In each, the upper-case key exports to a
buffer you can read or copy, the lower-case one to a file next to this
one. =s= in the menu exports only the subtree at the cursor.

** 4.1 Export to Markdown  ✗
Put the cursor on =Trip notes=, press =<leader>oe=, =s=, =m= and =M=:
 code.org                                                                 170:3
:q

4.1 Export to Markdown

Put the cursor on Trip notes, press <leader>oe, s, m and M: its Markdown opens in a new window. :q closes it.

Keys <leader>oe s m M :q<CR>

• <leader>oe opens the export menu; s limits it to this subtree.
• M exports to a Markdown buffer, in a new window.

** 4.1 Export to Markdown  ✓
Put the cursor on =Trip notes=, press =<leader>oe=, =s=, =m= and =M=:
its Markdown opens in a new window. =:q= closes it.

*** Trip notes
Pack *light* and bring a /good/ book.
**** Monday
Train to the coast.
**** Tuesday
Walk to the lighthouse.

** 4.2 Export options  ✗
Plain text (=t= =A=) starts with the title and author, then a table of
contents, and numbers the sections. On the empty line below, write
=#+OPTIONS: toc:nil num:nil author:nil= to turn off the contents, the
numbers and the author: the line holds for the whole file, wherever it
is. Then export =Packing=: =<leader>oe=, =s=, =t=, =A=.


*** Packing
**** Clothes
 code.org                                                                 182:5
:q

4.2 Export options

Plain text (t A) starts with the title and author, then a table of contents, and numbers the sections. On the empty line below, write #+OPTIONS: toc:nil num:nil author:nil to turn off the contents, the numbers and the author: the line holds for the whole file, wherever it is. Then export Packing: <leader>oe, s, t, A.

Keys j i #+OPTIONS: toc:nil num:nil author:nil <Esc> <leader>oe s t A :q<CR>

• An #+OPTIONS line sets how the whole file exports.
• A gives plain text in a buffer: no contents, numbers or author.

** 4.2 Export options  ✓
Plain text (=t= =A=) starts with the title and author, then a table of
contents, and numbers the sections. On the empty line below, write
=#+OPTIONS: toc:nil num:nil author:nil= to turn off the contents, the
numbers and the author: the line holds for the whole file, wherever it
is. Then export =Packing=: =<leader>oe=, =s=, =t=, =A=.
#+OPTIONS: toc:nil num:nil author:nil

*** Packing
**** Clothes
A coat and two shirts.
**** Books
One novel.

** 4.3 Keep a subtree out  ✗
A headline tagged =noexport= is left out of exports, with its subtree.
Tag =Private= with =<leader>ot= (type =noexport=, =<CR>=), then
export =Diary= to Markdown: =Private= is not in it.

*** Diary
**** Morning
 code.org                                                                 197:5
:q

4.3 Keep a subtree out

A headline tagged noexport is left out of exports, with its subtree. Tag Private with <leader>ot (type noexport, <CR>), then export Diary to Markdown: Private is not in it.

Keys <leader>ot noexport <CR> <leader>oe s m M :q<CR>

• The noexport tag keeps a headline and its subtree out of exports.

** 4.3 Keep a subtree out  ✓
A headline tagged =noexport= is left out of exports, with its subtree.
Tag =Private= with =<leader>ot= (type =noexport=, =<CR>=), then
export =Diary= to Markdown: =Private= is not in it.

*** Diary
**** Morning
Coffee by the sea.
**** Private                                                       :noexport:
Not for the blog.

* What next
That's it for code and export. From here:

- =g?= lists every key, and =<leader>obh=
  the keys of source blocks. =:h org-babel= is the manual for code,
  with every header argument, and =:h org-export= the one for export.
- Other languages (shell, Python, ...) run the same way, once their
  program is installed: =:h org-babel-languages=.
- examples/00-index.org links to one file per feature, source
  blocks and export among them.
 code.org                                                                 208:5
:q